Risk Management of Methane Reduction Clean Development Mechanism Projects in Rice Paddy Fields

Agriculture accounts for the largest share of anthropogenic methane emissions. Rice paddy fields emit a significant amount gas worldwide. Changing water management practices has an enormous potential to reduce greenhouse gases. The clean development mechanism (CDM) project uses market through private participation. There are various risks associated with investment in CDM projects, although carbon credits as economic incentive assist mitigating some these risks. Farmer participation plays key role success projects rural areas; however, despite global emissions, very few have been implemented. When designing Sustainable Development Mechanism (SDM) system, it is crucial understand why existing failed. This study identifies and categorizes barriers analyzes risk options India, Indonesia, Mozambique. results this showed that aside from risks, application technology field pose critical lack knowledge implementation experiences areas increases practice. turn causes difficulties transfer which can be alleviated by improving awareness introducing new education training implementation. Additionally, we highlight importance international efforts build governance between public sectors promote transfers multi-stakeholder engagement. provides specific information encourage reduction worldwide vitalize rice projects.